Encryption Method Algorithm/ KeySize Length, bytes Time for 1,000 Rows, secs.
Plaintext Cyphertext Encryption Decryption
HashBytes SHA-1* 20 20 0.017 N/A
HashBytes MD-5 20 16 0.022 N/A
HashBytes MD-2 20 16 0.062 N/A
PassPhrase 23-byte pwd* 16 40 1.109 1.203
PassPhrase 46-byte pwd 16 40 1.109 1.109
Certificate DBMaster* 16 128 2.484 24.421
Symmetric Key Triple-DES* 16 56 1.125 1.125
Symmetric Key AES-128 16 64 1.125 1.125
Symmetric Key AES-256 16 64 1.141 1.125
Asymmetric Key RSA-2048* 16 256 3.062 101.144
Asymmetric Key RSA-1024 16 128 2.406 22.952
Asymmetric Key RSA-512 16 64 2.234 11.640

Table 1 Select Encryption Algorithms for Security and Performance
This table reports encryption and decryption time in seconds for 1,000 rows of 16-digit credit card numbers as a function of the encryption method and algorithm and, where applicable, the PassPhrase or key length. Tests were run with the SQL Server 2005 shared memory provider on a 2.6-MHz Pentium 4 PC with 1 GB of RAM. One-way hash indexes created with the HashBytes function are the fastest encryption method, but they don't provide data decryption. Two-way encryption with certificates or asymmetric keys is the slowest method and isn't recommended for processing large amounts of data. Symmetric encryption, which SQL Server uses for service and database master keys, delivers the best compromise of data security, resource consumption, and performance. Encryption algorithms and key sizes marked with an asterisk (*) are the defaults.